CI is the practice of frequently integrating code changes into a shared repository, where automated tests are run to detect and address issues early in the development process. This helps teams to detect and fix integration errors quickly, ensuring that the software remains in a functional state at all times.

CD is the process of automatically deploying code changes to production or staging environments after passing through the CI pipeline. It enables teams to deliver software updates rapidly and reliably, reducing manual intervention and minimizing the time to market.

IaC is the practice of managing and provisioning infrastructure resources through code and automation tools. By defining infrastructure configurations in code, teams can easily replicate and scale environments, ensuring consistency and reliability across development, testing, and production environments.

Automated testing involves the use of tools and scripts to automate the testing process, including unit tests, integration tests, and end-to-end tests. By automating testing, teams can detect and address bugs more efficiently, improve software quality, and accelerate the release cycle.

Version control systems, such as Git, enable teams to manage and track changes to code and other project assets over time. Version control ensures that all team members have access to the latest codebase, facilitates collaboration, and helps to prevent conflicts and errors.

Configuration management involves the management and automation of configuration settings and dependencies across development, testing, and production environments. By standardizing configurations and automating deployment processes, teams can ensure consistency and repeatability.